Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Expressional Difference of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 Proteins in the Stromal Tumors of the Breast and Their Significance in Tumorigenesis: Minseob Eom, Airi Han, Mi Jeong Lee, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):324-330. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.324

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Background

Fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT) are stromal tumors of breast and are histologically similar. There are no established differences in tumorigenesis and oncogene expression among them. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) plays an important role in cell growth and cell-cycle control, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an important factor in breast tumor progression and prognosis, and WEE1 homolog (WEE1) functions as a tumor suppressor. No studies on the expressional differences of these proteins in FA and PT have been reported to date.

Methods

The expression of these proteins in FA, PT, and normal breast was compared. We used 102 cases of FA and 25 cases of benign PT.

Results

In epithelial cells, the expression of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 was lowest in PT, higher in FA, and most enhanced in normal breast. In addition, the expression of RHEB and HDAC1 was higher in the stromal cells of PT than in FA and normal breast.

Conclusions

Both epithelial and stromal cells of FA and PT express these proteins, which indicates that epithelial cells play an important role in the development of stromal tumors. In addition, the expressional differences of these proteins may be associated with the tumorigenesis of breast stromal tumors.

Citations

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Gut microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function via AhR signaling
Jun Hu, Jianwei Chen, Xiaojian Xu, Qiliang Hou, Jing Ren, Xianghua Yan
Microbiome.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Genome-scale meta-analysis of breast cancer datasets identifies promising targets for drug development
Reem Altaf, Humaira Nadeem, Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar, Umair Ilyas, Syed Aun Muhammad
Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Wee1 Kinase: A Potential Target to Overcome Tumor Resistance to Therapy
Francesca Esposito, Raffaella Giuffrida, Gabriele Raciti, Caterina Puglisi, Stefano Forte
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(19): 10689. CrossRef
MiR-503 enhances the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma cells via the inhibition of WEE1
Huimin Ma, Rong Lian, Zhiyan Wu, Xiao Li, Wenfa Yu, Yun Shang, Xixia Guo
Tumor Biology.2017; 39(10): 101042831770622. CrossRef
Rheb phosphorylation is involved in p38-regulated/activated protein kinase-mediated tumor suppression in liver cancer
MIN ZHENG, SHENGBING ZANG, LINNA XIE, XUETING FANG, YU ZHANG, XIAOJIE MA, JINGFENG LIU, DEXIN LIN, AIMIN HUANG
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(3): 1655. CrossRef
Expression of CDK1Tyr15, pCDK1Thr161, Cyclin B1 (Total) and pCyclin B1Ser126 in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Relations with Clinicopatological Features and Prognosis
Zhihui Wang, Ana Slipicevic, Mette Førsund, Claes G. Trope, Jahn M. Nesland, Ruth Holm, Xin-Yuan Guan
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(4): e0121398. CrossRef
High expression of wee1 is associated with malignancy in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients
Gry Irene Magnussen, Ellen Hellesylt, Jahn M Nesland, Claes G Trope, Vivi Ann Flørenes, Ruth Holm
BMC Cancer.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

HDAC1 Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and Its Value as a Good Prognostic Factor: Minseob Eom, Sung Soo Oh, Sayamaa Lkhagvadorj, Airi Han, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Pathol. 2012;46(4):311-317. Published online August 23, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2012.46.4.311

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Abstract PDF

Background

Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is associated with the expression and function of estrogen receptors and the proliferation of tumor cells, and has been considered a very important factor in breast tumor progression and prognosis. Several studies have reported an association between HDAC1 expression and poorer prognosis in cancers including breast cancer, with a few exceptions. However, because of the dearth of studies on HDAC1 expression in breast cancer, its significance for breast cancer prognosis has not been well defined. Therefore, we examined HDAC1 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common breast cancer, and investigated its potential prognostic significance.

Methods

We used 203 IDC tissue samples. Immunohistochemical stains for HDAC1 and real-time polymerase chain reaction for HDAC1 mRNA were performed and the results were compared to generally well-established prognostic factors in breast cancer and patient survival rates.

Results

HDAC1 expression was significantly reduced in proportion to higher histologic grade, higher nuclear pleomorphism score, and higher mitotic counts, and with lower estrogen receptor expression. Furthermore, it was significantly associated with the survival rate.

Conclusions

HDAC1 expression is a good prognostic indicator in IDC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

SNP rs4971059 predisposes to breast carcinogenesis and chemoresistance via TRIM46‐mediated HDAC1 degradation
Zihan Zhang, Xiaoping Liu, Lei Li, Yang Yang, Jianguo Yang, Yue Wang, Jiajing Wu, Xiaodi Wu, Lin Shan, Fei Pei, Jianying Liu, Shu Wang, Wei Li, Luyang Sun, Jing Liang, Yongfeng Shang
The EMBO Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Androgen Receptor and Histone Deacetylase 1 Expression on the Prognosis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Choong Man Lee, Il Yong Chung, Yangsoon Park, Keong Won Yun, Hwi Gyeong Jo, Hye Jin Park, Hee Jin Lee, Sae Byul Lee, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn, Jisun Kim
Journal of Breast Cancer.2020; 23(6): 610. CrossRef
Prognostic and clinical significance of histone deacetylase 1 expression in breast cancer: A meta-analysis
Weiqiang Qiao, Heyang Liu, Ruidong Liu, Qipeng Liu, Ting Zhang, Wanying Guo, Peng Li, Miao Deng
Clinica Chimica Acta.2018; 483: 209. CrossRef
HDAC1 triggers the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via upregulation of interleukin-8
Zhaohui Tang, Sijuan Ding, Honglin Huang, Pengfei Luo, Bohua Qing, Siyuan Zhang, Ruoting Tang
Biological Chemistry.2017; 398(12): 1347. CrossRef
Identification of novel histone deacetylase 1 inhibitors by combined pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR analysis, in silico screening and Density Functional Theory (DFT) approaches
Sanjay K. Choubey, Richard Mariadasse, Santhosh Rajendran, Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman
Journal of Molecular Structure.2016; 1125: 391. CrossRef
The potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in breast cancer therapy
Namita Chatterjee, Martin Tenniswood
Breast Cancer Management.2015; 4(2): 85. CrossRef

Genetic Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 and Immunohistochemical Expression of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-betaRII, p21, p16, E2F1, Thymidylate Synthase, and NF-kappaB in Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded RNA-positive Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Mee Yon Cho, Minseob Eom, Kwang Hwa Park, Mee Dong Kim, Seung Hoon Sung, Myoung Soo Kim, Dae Sung Kim, Sun Ju Choi; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(3):176-184.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
:Although clinicopathologic differences have been described between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and negative gastric adenocarcinomas, the pathogenetic basis for these differences remains unclear. In this study, efforts were made to confirm that expression of EBV-latent membrane protein (LMP1) and immunohistochemical characteristics of EBVpositive gastric adenocarcinomas.
METHODS
We investigated genomic deletion, and RNA & protein expression of the EBV-LMP1, as well as immunohistochemical protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-bata RII, p21, p16, E2F1, thymidylate synthase, and NF-kappaB in relation to EBV positive gastric adenocarcinoma.
RESULTS
A total of 38 Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded RNA-positive and 80 negative gastric carcinomas were examined. A 30 bp DNA deletion in the EBV-LMP1 gene, initiating at codon 342, was detected in 94.4% of EBVpositive cases. By RT-PCR and western blotting, EBV-LMP1 mRNA and protein expressions were absent in all cases, re-gardless of DNA deletion. No significant differences in TGF-bata1, TGF-betaRII, p21, NF-kappaB, E2F1, or thymidylate synthase expression were identified. However, the decreased expression of p16 was found in 84.2% of EBV-positive carcinomas, relative to only 57.5% of EBV-negative tumors (p=0.024).
CONCLUSION
EBV-LMP1 DNA deletion, mRNA and protein losses are highly prevalent in EBV-positive gastric adenocarcinoma among Korean patients, along with decreased p16 expression.

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Gangwon Province Using Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay.: Dongsup Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Hyunwoo Jin, Tae Ue Kim, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(4):348-353.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.4.348

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the development of cervical carcinoma. Although there is a general agreement that high levels of HPV are related to cervical cancer, the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes seems to vary by geographical region. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes in Gangwon Province, Korea.
METHODS
In total, 342 samples were examined by Pap smear and HPV-ID(R) reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) (M&D, Wonju, Korea).
RESULTS
Overall HPV positivity was 80.9% and 64.4% in women with abnormal and normal cytology by REBA, respectively. The five most common HPV types were: HPV 16, 53, 58, 56, and 33 in samples with abnormal cytology, and HPV 16, 53, 58, 70, and 18 in samples with normal cytology.
CONCLUSIONS
The REBA can provide useful data regarding prevalence of HPV genotypes. Gangwon Province showed high prevalence of HPV infection in women. The most common HPV type in Gangwon Province was HPV16, and HPV 53, 58, 56, 70 were frequently present.

Citations

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV69/HPV73) Coinfection associated with Simultaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Presumed Lung Metastasis
Stephanie Shea, Marina Muñoz, Stephen C. Ward, Mary B. Beasley, Melissa R Gitman, Michael D Nowak, Jane Houldsworth, Emilia Mia Sordillo, Juan David Ramirez, Alberto E. Paniz Mondolfi
Viruses.2020; 12(3): 349. CrossRef
Distribution of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes at High Grade Cervical Lesions above CIN 2 Grade with Histological Diagnosis
Geehyuk Kim, Sungyoung Park, Hye-young Wang, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Kwangmin Yu, Boohyung Lee, Seung-Ju Ahn, Eun-Joong Kim, Dongsup Lee
Biomedical Science Letters.2016; 22(2): 37. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Distribution according to Age among Korean and Chinese Women
Geehyuk Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Sunyoung Park, Sangjung Park, Han Lin, Yubo Ren, Li Yingxue, In Soo Lee, Jae Dal Lee, Dongsup Lee
Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(4): 259. CrossRef
Comparison of Methods for Measuring Histamine by ELISA and HPLC-MS Assay In Vitro
In Hee Lee, Yoo Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(4): 306. CrossRef
Diagnostic Performance of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA Assays for the Detection and Screening of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection among Woman with Cervical Lesions in China
Hye-young Wang, Dongsup Lee, Sunyoung Park, Geehyuk Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Lin Han, Ren Yubo, Yingxue Li, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(17): 7633. CrossRef
Uncommon and Rare Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Relating to Cervical Carcinomas
Na Rae Kim, Myunghee Kang, Soon Pyo Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Jungsuk An, Dong Hae Chung, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 43. CrossRef

Telomerase Activity in Urethane-Induced Mouse Lung Tumorigenesis.: Ji Sun Song, Soon Hee Jung, Sang Yeop Yi, Hwa Eun Oh, Mee Yon Cho, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):261-270.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.261

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Telomerase activity in precancerous conditions of lung adenocarcinomas has not been well studied. This study is designed to investigate the role of telomerase in premalignant lesions of urethane-induced mouse lung adenocarcinoma.
METHODS
We harvested A/J mouse lung tissues at 3, 6, 9, 12, 28, 41, and 48 weeks after intraperitoneal urethane treatment, and classified each lesion in terms of histologic findings. We examined telomerase activity using a modified version of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay using both gel-based and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods. An immunohistochemical analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed.
RESULTS
In urethane-induced mouse lung tissues, it was sequentially developed from hyperplasia, adenoma, and eventually to adenocarcinoma. Telomerase activity began to show a positive level in tissues with no histologically visible nodule after urethane administration. It revealed a statistically significant increase in hyperplasia compared to the "control" lung tissue (p<0.05), which was proportionally elevated relative to adenoma and adenocarcinoma. There was a direct correlation between telomerase activity and the PCNA labeling index (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The elevation of telomerase activity in normal-appearing lung lesions is thought to be a possible marker of early detection of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Non-invasive quantification of cell-free DNA mutations in plasma during lung tumor progression in mice
Soo-Jin Kim, Eunhee Kim, Kyung-Taek Rim
Cancer Biomarkers.2017; 20(4): 477. CrossRef

Case Report

Functional Adrenocortical Oncocytoma: A Case Report of Rare Neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential.: Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Keum Seok Bae, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(2):212-216.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.2.212

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Abstract PDF: Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare adrenal neoplasm with only 25 cases having been reported in the English medical literature, of which only seven were functional tumors. Since these adrenal tumors are usually nonfunctional, they are mostly incidentally detected, and most of them are benign. Herein, we report on a rare case of a functional adrenocortical oncocytoma of an uncertain malignant potential and this tumor was located in the left adrenal gland in a 59-year-old woman who presented with hypertension. The tumor size was large with foci of necrosis in the cut surface and it exclusively had oncocytic histologic features.

Original Articles

Expression of E-cadherin, Matrix Metalloproteinase, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung.: Ji Sun Song, Mee Yon Cho, Kwang Hwa Park, Soon Hee Jung, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(12):972-981.

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Abstract PDF: E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent epithelial adhesion molecule which plays a role in the initial step of invasion of cancer cells. The step that follows the migration of separated tumor cells is a proteolytic lysis of basement membrane and extracellular matrix by protease of epithelial and endothelial cells such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be an endothelial cell-specific powerful mitogen as well as a vascular permeability factor. This study is aimed to evaluate the correlation between expression of these factors and pathologic or clinical variables and the roles and prognostic significance of those factors in squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF in surgically resected specimens from 90 patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Mean age of the patients was 59.7 years. Histologic type was categorized into 56 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 34 cases of adenocarcinoma. Mean survival period of the 35 patients was 54 months. The immunohistochemical stains for E-cadherin, MMP-2, and VEGF revealed positive reaction in 67 cases (74.4%), 43 cases (47.8%), and 34 cases (37.8%), respectively. The expression of E-cadherin was higher in adenocarcinoma (82.4%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (69.6%). MMP-2 was expressed in the tumor cells, especially those invading into the surrounding stroma. The expression of MMP-2 was significantly correlated with the survival rate (p<0.05). The expression of VEGF in the tumor cells was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF predict poor prognosis of patients with squmous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung and that VEGF may play a role in tumor metastasis.

Relationship between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Apoptosis and Lymphocytic Infiltration in Gastric Carcinoma with Lymphoid Rich Stroma.: Tae Heon Kim, Mee Yon Cho, Sang Yeop Yi, Woo Hee Jung, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(5):368-375.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid rich stroma (GCLRS) is an undifferentiated gastric carcinoma with heavy lymphocytic infiltrate. In order to clarify the relationship between lymphocytic infiltration and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma, we investigated the association of apoptosis with apoptotic proteins and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) expression in GCLRS.
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemical stains for bcl-2, bax and in situ hybridization for EBER (Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA)-1 and the terminal deoxynucleaotidil transferase mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique using 47 out of 1635 gastric carcinoma cases.
RESULTS
The prevalence of GCLRS was 1.47% (24/1635). The prevalence of EBV involvement in GCLRS (79%, 19/24) was significantly higher than that of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid poor stroma (GCLPS) (8.7%, 2/23). The immunohistochemical stain for bcl-2 revealed negative expressions in all cases, but that of bax was positive for in all cases. bax was significantly correlated with the apototic index (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between lymphocytic infiltration and apoptosis. The lymphocytic infiltration significantly correlated with the expression of EBV (P<0.05) but not with survival rate and apoptosis. However, most of the GCLRS displayed low clinical stages(stage IA, B), and we suggest that was a proper reason for a good prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support that EBV is associated with GCLRS, and there is no relationship between apoptosis and bcl-2, bax and prognosis. They also suggest that EBV infection play an important role in the gastric carcinogenesis.

Relationship between Expression of Anaphase-promoting Complex and Prognostic Factors in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.: Minseob Eom, Kwang Hwa Park, Kwang Gil Lee, Sang Yeop Yi, Yup Kang, Soon Hee Jung; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(1):19-25.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The role of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is to promote the degradation of mitotic cyclins and other substrates involved in sister chromatid adhesions. The APC appears to be responsible for the degradation of cyclin B and may have a potential role in the loss of control concerning cell proliferation in mammalian cells. However, a direct link between the defects in the APC components and oncogenesis has not been estabilished. This study investigates the relationship between APC expression and variable prognostic factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
METHODS
We evaluated 108 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma surgically resected from January, 1996 to May, 2000 at Wonju Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University. Immunohistochemical stains for APC, estrogen receptor, and Ki-67 were done in paraffin sections using the avidin-biotin complex method. The results were compared with clinical and pathologic parameters and flow cytometric DNA analysis factors.
RESULTS
Forty cases (37.0%) showed immunopositive reactions for APC. The APC positivity in histologic grades 1, 2, and 3 were 28 cases (84.4%), 33 cases (60.0%), and 7 cases (35.0%), respectively (p=0.0011). The APC expressions in cases with the number of mitosis of less than 10, 10-19, and more than 20 per 10 high power fields, were noted in 37 cases (75.5%), 26 cases (63.4%), and 5 cases (27.8%), respectively (p=0.0016). The mean value of the Ki-67 labeling index was 221.7 in the APC-positive group and 317.9 in the APC-negative group (p= 0.0091). DNA flow cytometric analysis revealed higher APC expressions in cases with diploid patterns (p=0.0095). The APC expression rate increased significantly with decreasing histologic grade, with decreasing mitotic activity, in cases with a low Ki-67 labeling index, and those in the diploid group (p<0.05). The APC expression was not statistically correlated with clinical stage, tumor size, and estrogen receptor status.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that positive APC expression may be considered as a good prognostic factor of invasive ductal carcinoma, and loss of APC expression may be related with the progression of breast cancer.

Case Report

Pulmonary Nocardiosis Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration: A Case Report.: Hyunee Yim, Kwang Hwa Park; Korean J Cytopathol. 1995;6(2):169-173.

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Abstract PDF: Nocardia, aerobic members of the order of Actinomycetaceae, produces infections in human lung. Nocardial infection is associated with underlying diseases of immuno-suppression or treatment with corticosteroid. It is difficult to detect Nocardia by sputum examination or histologic sections and it has rarely been diagnosed by fine needle aspiration of the lung. We describe a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a 72 year-old man. diagnosed by fine needle aspiration, which was confirmed by culture of aspirates. The aspirates showed neutrophil-predominant inflammatory cells with microoganisms demonstrated by Gomori methenamine silver and Gram stain. The organisms had characteristic long branching filamentous strucutres. The lesions on chest x-ray were in resolution with antimicrobial therapy.

Original Article

Expression of Anaphase Promoting Complex in Surgically Resected Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung.: Ji Sun Song, Soon Hee Jung, Minseob Eom, Sang Yeop Yi, Kwang Hwa Park, Yup Kang, Ho Young Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2006;40(1):52-59.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The anaphase promoting complex (APC) promotes the degradation of mitotic cyclins as well as other substrates involved in sister chromatid adhesion. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between the APC expression and the clinicopathological variables, in an attempt to determine the role of the APC in the proliferation of lung cancer and to evaluate the possibility of an aberrant APC function in surgically resected squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical staining was performed for APC, Ki-67, cyclin B1, Cdc2, MMP-2 and VEGF in 55 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 34 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method.
RESULTS
The immunohistochemical stains for APC revealed a positive reaction in 49 cases (55.1%). The APC expression level was higher in the cyclin B1-positive group (p= 0.01), the Cdc2-positive group (p=0.001), the MMP-2-positive group (p=0.03), the group with lymph node metastasis (61.4% vs 48.9%), and the group with stage II/III cancer (60.7%) compared with those with stage I (42.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
The APC may have an aberrant function, such as a change in its role in controlling the cell cycle, and might be associated with the invasiveness and proliferation of tumor cells.

Case Report

Isolated Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case Report.: Jin Kyu Park, Mee Yon Cho, Kwang Hwa Park, Jhin Soo Pyen; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(6):430-433.

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Abstract PDF: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an idiopathic histioproliferative disorder of the lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Central nervous system involvement is extremely rare. Intracranial RDD, especially the isolated form, resembles meninigioma both clinically and radiologically. Here, we report a case of isolated, intracranial, dura-based RDD. The patient presented with headache and dizziness with no evidence of lymphadenopathy. Histologically, the lesion consisted of large histiocytes with emperipolesis and lymphoplasma cell infiltrates with a fibrotic background. We discuss the differential diagnosis of this lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported Korean case of intracranial RDD.

Original Article

Expression of Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) and APC Regulatory Proteins in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Associated with Paget's Disease.: Kwang Hwa Park, Sang Yeop Yi, Woo Ick Yang, Yup Kang, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(5):319-323.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Oncogene expression in Paget's disease of the breast is not well known. To characterize invasive ductal carcinoma associated with Paget's disease, we studied expression of anaphase promoting complex (APC) with its regulatory proteins.
METHODS
Immunohistochemical stainings were done with 10 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma associated with Paget's disease for APC, pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG), cyclin B1, p53, cyclin D1, and c-erbB-2. The expressions of these markers in Paget's disease were compared with those in the associated with carcinoma.
RESULTS
APC, PTTG, cyclin B1, and c-erbB-2 were positive in all of the cases with both Paget's disease and underlying carcinoma. p53 was expressed in Paget's disease of 6 cases (60%) and in carcinoma of 7 cases (70%). Cyclin D1 was positive in Paget's disease of 8 cases (80%) and in carcinoma of 9 cases (90%).
CONCLUSIONS
Breast carcinomas with Paget's disease seem to be distinguished by the high expression of APC, cyclin B1, PTTG, c-erbB2, and cyclin D1 in contrast to breast cancers without Paget's disease. Furthermore, the similar expression patterns of APC and APC regulatory proteins in both Paget's disease and underlying breast cancer support the epidermotropic theory as its pathogenetic mechanism.

Case Report

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (InflammatoryFibrosarcoma) of the Lung: A Case Report.: Minseob Eom, Tae Heon Kim, Jin Kyu Park, Kwang Hwa Park, Soon Hee Jung, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):291-295.

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Abstract PDF: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, also known as inflammatory fibrosarcoma, has been frequently diagnosed as inflammatory pseudotumor. Although there are six cases reported as inflammatory pseudotumors or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in the lung, no cases of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with features of inflammatory fibrosarcoma have been reported in Korea. We experienced a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory fibrosarcoma)characterized by high cellularity, severe nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, or increased mitoticcounts. A 31-year-old male patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule on the routine chest x-rayreceived a right lower lobectomy. The tumor was an ovoid solid mass with multifocal necrosis, showing diffuse irregular proliferation of spindle cells with high cellularity and focal nuclear pleomorphism, admixed with dense lymphoplasmacytic cells. Although spindle cells are focally immunoreactivefor smooth muscle actin, the ultrastructural examination failed to demonstrate smooth muscledifferentiation. In cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory fibrosarcoma), a completeexcision and close follow-up without radical surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy are needed.

Original Article

Relationship between Immunohistochemical Expression of Cathepsin D and Other Prognostic Factors of Breast Carcinoma.: Kwang Hwa Park, Byeng Woo Park, Kyong Sik Lee, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(6):612-619.

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Abstract PDF: The cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease secreted in excess by breast cancer cells. The function of this enzyme is degradation of the extracellular matrix and proteoglycan. It is induced by estrogens in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. On the basis of this, cathepsin D expression in breast cancer cells seems to be correlated with the prognosis. But there is debates in its prognostic significance. Relationship between cathepsin D expression and other prognostic factors of breast cancer was studied. We investigated 51 cases of invasive ductal cell carcinoma of breast removed by open biopsy or mastectomy. All cases were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. We used 46-KD intermediate form of the enzyme for cathepsin D expression on immunohistochemical stain. We observed no significant correlation with age, stage, histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, and estrogen receptor status. Cathepsin D may be an independent factor which is not related with other prognostic factors, especially estrogen receptor status.

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